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- p EAST-WEST, Page 42The Conscience of Prague
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- "Seldom in recent times has a regime cared so little for
- the real attitudes of outwardly loyal citizens or for the
- sincerity of their statements."
-
- -- Vaclav Havel, an open letter from Prague, 1975
-
- Can any of Czechoslovakia's 15.5 million citizens have more
- cause to be astounded by the events of recent weeks than Vaclav
- Havel? Since the Soviet invasion in 1968, Havel has been the
- conscience of Prague, a world-famed playwright who might have
- exploited his status as an intellectual superstar to emigrate
- to the West, but refused to do so. Instead, Havel, 53, stayed
- behind, suffering censorship, intermittent police surveillance
- and repeated jailings so he could continue to give voice to the
- frustrations and yearnings of a frightened -- and until now mute
- -- populace.
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- A sharp-witted, courtly man who tends toward diffidence,
- Havel seems an unlikely folk hero. He was the son of a
- well-to-do builder and restaurateur, and his early years were
- filled with governesses and chauffeurs. With the Communist
- takeover in 1948, the family's wealth became an albatross. Havel
- was denied the opportunity to attend high school or college.
- While working as a taxi driver and then in a brewery, he pursued
- his writing and in 1963 saw his first play, The Garden Party,
- mounted in Prague. In April 1968 Havel traveled to New York to
- see the Public Theater's production of his second play, The
- Memorandum. Four months later, the tanks rolled through Prague,
- and one of the new regime's first acts was to censor Havel's
- writings.
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- For his work on behalf of Charter 77, a human-rights
- organization he helped found, Havel spent more than four years
- in jail. His latest internment ended last May; he had served
- half of an eight-month sentence after speaking on Western radio.
- The charge: inciting antigovernment demonstrations. It seemed
- no small irony that last week, largely through Havel's efforts,
- the street protests were halted to give the government and
- opposition some breathing space to pursue negotiations.
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- Newly relaxed censorship restrictions now open the way for
- distribution of Havel's essays and plays, which are often
- likened to the absurdist works of Ionesco and Beckett. What
- Czechoslovaks will discover is a painstaking attention to the
- elaborate web of falsification that for so long enabled a
- despised leadership to maintain its grip. Havel's work depicts
- the idiocy of entrenched bureaucracies and the power of language
- to twist and distort ideas. It also highlights the unwitting
- complicity of ordinary citizens in the maintenance of
- totalitarian regimes. "Everyone is in fact involved and
- enslaved," Havel once told TIME. ``Each person is capable, to
- a greater or lesser degree, of coming to terms with living
- within the lie." Almost alone in his quest, Havel has refused
- to compromise.
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